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Raj Kumar ¹, Rajeev Dogra ¹, Chitvan Singh ¹, Krishan Kumar ¹, Dharmender Kumar Nehra ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Clinical Psychology, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 State Institute of Mental Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) Campus, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The extent to which advances of sexual dysfunction have harmful consequences for positive mental health is well-known since long.World literature have proven that psychological constructs play an important role not only in developing and maintaining sexual problems but also in treatment seeking behavior and outcome.This study was done on patients with erectile dysfunctionwhich are not well studied in Indian context. It was a cross sectional study, in which Fifty (50) Patients with erectile dysfunction, diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria were selected. Fifty (50) healthy matched subjects constituted the control group. Assessment was done by using Toronto Alexithymia Scale-Hindi, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and General Health Questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the SPSS Windows 16.0 software package. Significant differences were seen in alexithymia and Self Esteem scores between erectile dysfunction group and normal control group. Erectile dysfunction group scored significantly higher on alexithymia in comparison with control group. However,erectile dysfunction group scored significantly lower on score of Self Esteem than the normal control group. Significant negative relationship was found between alexithymia and Self Esteem scores. These findings should be considered as a breakthrough and can be taken seriously that presence of high alexithymia and low Self Esteem(that are highly prevalent) in patient with erectile dysfunction may negatively affect the treatment outcome. So authors strongly recommended that treatment of this vulnerable population should also focus on credible and potentially effective means of helping themcope with low self-esteem.

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Raj kumar ¹, Deepak Malik ¹, Dharmender Kumar Nehra ², Amit Kumar Soni ², Rajiv Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Clinical Psychology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 State Institute of Mental Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) campus, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
3 State Institute of Mental Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) Campus, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Psychiatry, & Chief Executive Officer, State Institute of Mental Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) campus, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Erectile Dysfunction is a challenging problem that negatively affects the quality of lives of those affected. Sufferers and their partners face a lot of difficulties in various areas of life including relationship problems. Emergence of ED may be attributed to either organic or psychogenic factors but irrespective of causal factors it often lead to emotional and adjustment problems. The present study was carried out to study perceived stress and emotional intelligence and their interaction in individuals diagnosed with Erectile Dysfunction and their healthy counterparts. This cross-sectional study examined 200 male out of which 100 individuals with erectile dysfunction and 100 healthy controls. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) were administered on study group; whereas, in addition to above mentioned scales General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was also administered on control group. The data obtained for the variables under study have been subjected to different statistical analysis. Significant difference was found in perceived stress and EI scores between study and control group. The findings also indicated significant negative correlation between perceived stress and EI. Overall findings suggest that individual with ED are significantly more stressed and having low emotional intelligence than their healthy counterparts. Thus present study highlights the facts that it is equally important to treat stress in order to achieve better treatment compliance and management. We advocated the need for holistic management including adequate mental health screening and interventions with the persons suffering from ED.

Keywords

No Keywords

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Deepak Malik ¹, Raj kumar ¹, Dharmender Kumar Nehra ², Sidharth Arya ¹

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 State Institute of Mental Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) campus, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The medical science has undergone a tremendous evolution in the past century, now medical professionals are able to cure the disorders that were earlier taken a toll of millions' life. Stress and its negative consequence on health professionals have received relatively little attention in the literature in past. Although, the potential detriment of hectic life style for health professional has been raised recently and irony is that health professionals who help patients to get rid of stress are also burdened with stress. The aims of this study is twofold: (1) to provide awareness regarding the prevalence of stress in medical students and (2) to assess the association between stress and Emotional intelligence that is generally considered as a buffer against stress. This cross-sectional study examined 100 medical students out of which 50 were female and 50 were male. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) were administered. The data obtained for the variables under study have been subjected to different statistical analysis. Out of the total sample (hundred) of medical students, approximately 71% of them found to have high level of perceived stress. In addition, significant difference was found in EIS scores between female and males students. The findings also indicated significant negative correlation between perceived stress and EI. This study suggested that the prevalence of perceived stress in medical students is high irrespective of their gender. In view of the fact that in present study too occurrence of perceived stress is almost similar that found in the other societies. Hence, authors recommended appropriate interventions (stress management) for them so that they will capable to learn complex vocational skills for making them self-sufficient and independent professionals.

Keywords

No Keywords

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Raj Kumar ¹, Rajeev Dogra ¹, Chitvan Singh ¹, Krishan Kumar ¹, Dharmender Kumar Nehra ¹

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The extent to which advances of sexual dysfunction have harmful consequences for positive mental health is wellknown since long. World literature have proven that psychological constructs play an important role not only in developing and maintaining sexual problems but also in treatment seeking behavior and outcome. This study was done on patients with erectile dysfunction which are not well studied in Indian context. Material and methods: It was a cross sectional study, in which Fifty (50) Patients with erectile dysfunction, diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria were selected. Fifty (50) healthy matched subjects constituted the control group. Assessment was done by using Toronto Alexithymia Scale-Hindi, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and General Health Questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the SPSS Windows 16.0 software package. Results: Significant differences were seen in alexithymia and Self Esteem scores between erectile dysfunction group and normal control group. Erectile dysfunction group scored significantly higher on alexithymia in comparison with control group. However, erectile dysfunction group scored significantly lower on score of Self Esteem than the normal control group. Significant negative relationship was found between alexithymia and Self Esteem scores. Conclusion: These findings should be considered as a breakthrough and can be taken seriously that presence of high alexithymia and low Self Esteem(that are highly prevalent) in patient with erectile dysfunction may negatively affect the treatment outcome. So authors strongly recommended that treatment of this vulnerable population should also focus on credible and potentially effective means of helping them cope with low self-esteem.

Keywords

Sexual Dysfunction, Erectile Dysfunction, Alexithymia, Self Esteem, Treatment Seeking

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Dharmender Kumar Nehra ¹, NovRattan Sharma ², Sheetal Nehra ², Pradeep Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Clinical Psychologist State Institute of Mental Health, PGIMS, Rohtak, IN
2 Department of Psychology M.D.U. Rohtak, IN
3 Psychiatric Social Worker State Institute of Mental Health, PGIMS, Rohtak, IN

Abstract

Emergence of chrome and life-threatening illness such as Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) has serious consequences for subsequent health and wealth. It is well documented in the world literature that patient with chrome illness are more likely to develop psychiatric illness than their healthy counterparts.Present study aimed to emphasis to a better understanding of the role of psychological interventions in CHD patients. It was analyzed whether a combined intervention of medical treatment along with psychological intervention affects the psychosocial risk factors (Perceived Stress and Health Complaints)in male cardiac patients.In this study,50 individuals with the diagnosis of CHD, age ranged from 25 to 55 years was selected. Socio-demographic data sheet, Perceived Stress Scale and Health Complamts Scale were used for the assessment. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups (Treatment As Usual (N=25) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (N=25) after completing the measures. We use these data to explore the efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on reducing the perceived stress and health complaints in CHD patients. Analyses indicated that psychological intervention (CBT) has positive effect in reducing Perceived Stress and Health Complamts in CHD patients. These findings support that patients with CHD (who are more inclined toward developing psychological risk factors) can be helped with psychological intervention. That may plays an important role in develop healthy lifestyle.

Keywords

Coronary Heart Disease, Perceived Stress, Health Complaints, Cognitive Behavior Therapy.

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Dharmender Kumar Nehra ¹, NovRattan Sharma ², Sheetal Nehra ², Pradeep Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Clinical Psychologist State Institute of Mental Health, PGIMS, Rohtak, IN
2 Department of Psychology M.D.U. Rohtak, IN
3 Psychiatric Social Worker State Institute of Mental Health, PGIMS, Rohtak, IN

Abstract

During the last few decades substantial research has been directed toward identifying factors that contribute to the etiology and progression of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Now there are mounting of evidence that have shown clearly that CHD is positively associated with psychological risk factors, especially depression, anxiety, and stress. Presence of these factors found to be having profound impact on morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients. Hence, managing these associated psychiatric problems is essential to improve the physical and mental condition of this vulnerable population. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is an established program shown to reduce symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression associated with physical conditions. The purpose of this study was to implement an MBSR intervention on CHD patients and measure its impact on the psychological distress factors (depression, anxiety, and perceived stress) by comparing with a control group, in Indian setting. Socio-demographic Datasheet, HospitalAnxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were administered to a total of 50 male participants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-17.0. In this study, it was found that all the three variables:Depression,Anxiety and Perceived Stress are preponderant in patients suffering from CHD patients' pre intervention level and reduced significantly post intervention level. These changes were present only in the experimental group whereas control group showed no significant changes. The results clearly show that MBSR is effectively reduced depression, anxiety, perceived stress in CHD patients. It is considered essential to focus on psychological factors while managing CHD. The present study could thus be considered to be an important contribution in this direction. The recognition of psychosocial problems in CHD patients, in our country, as well as an attempt to manage these problems can also said to be an important contribution. This study has shown that psychological management can be an effective adjunct to medical care and use of psychological management thus adds to a comprehensive system of care.

Keywords

Coronary Heart Disease, Perceived Stress, Depression, Anxiety, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Program.

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Dharmender Kumar Nehra ¹, Himani Nandal ², Rajesh Kashyap ³, Pradeep Kumar ⁴, Satish Kundu ⁵

Affiliations
1 State Institute of Mental Health, PGI-MS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of English C.D.L.U, Sirsa, Haryana, IN
3 ChaudhryRanbir Singh Chair M.D.U, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
4 State Institute of Mental Health, PGI-MS, Rohtak, IN
5 R.P. Education Society Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The relation between stigma and mental health has been the subject of research smce the past decades. These two most common public health concerns have been found to be strongly correlated. There are strong and consent evidences of negative effect of stigma in psychiatric patients that leads social isolation and lack of quality social support. The increased risk contributed by stigma is more deteriorating than the symptoms of the illness. Research on the relationship between stigma and psychiatric illness may be said to have evolved along two parallel paths. One has proved that people with mental illness fight with symptoms of illness. The other path has shown that they are confronted by prejudices people have, regarding them. Both paths have established negative findings suggesting that stigma is indeed linked to adverse outcomes. Both of them (mental illness and associated stigma) cause a significant decrease in quality of life for the patient and impose a significant economic burden on society. It is heartening to see the initiatives undertakenby mental health professionals at different levels, but there is still a long way to go. There is a strong need to involve societal agencies such as Khap Panchayats in the process of destigmatization of mental illness to eradicate mental illness and improve quality of life in this comparatively more vulnerable population. Although literature is available regarding the role and stand of Khaps in different social issues;but nothing has been available about possible role of Khap on mental health issues.

Keywords

Stigma, Mental Health, Mental Illness, Khap Panchayats, Rehabilitation.

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Mudassir Hassan ¹, Mohd Altaf Paul ¹, Deapti Mishra ², Firdous Var ³, Pardeep Kumar ⁴, Dharmender Kumar Nehra ⁵, Ajaz Khan ⁶

Affiliations
1 Clinical Psychologist, Jamia Millia Islamia, University, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of Clinical Psychology, Post Graduate Institute of Behaviour and Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN
3 Clinical Psychologist, NIMHANS, Bangalore, IN
4 Psychiatric Social Worker, State Institute of Mental Health, PGI-MS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
5 Clinical Psychologist, State Institute of Mental Health, PGI-MS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
6 Department of Clinical Psychology, Government Medical Collage, Srinagar, Kashmir, IN

Abstract

Patients with schizophrenia have pronounced deficits in memory which can vary along the course of disease. A sample of 40 patients [20 first episodes schizophrenia and 20 chrome schizophrenia] was selected from the outpatient department of "Post Graduate Institute of Behavioral And Medical Sciences", Raipur (C.G) using purposive sampling method. Benton Visual Retention test, PGI Memory scale and General Health Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Significant difference was seen regarding memory impairment between patient group and non-patient group on Benton Visual Retention Test. Memory Impairment in chrome schizophrenia patients is greater than first episode schizophrenia.

Keywords

Memory, Schizophrenia, First Episode, Chronic Schizophrenia.

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Preeti Gupta ¹, Shayeed Akhtar ², Prem Prakesh ³, Pradeep Kumar ⁴, Dharmender Kumar Nehra ⁵

Affiliations
1 Eras Medical College and University, Lucknow, IN
2 Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, IN
3 RINPAS, Ranchi, IN
4 State Institute of Mental Health PGI-MS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
5 State Institute of Mental Health, PGI-MS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

A large number of female patients who are married are recovered to have psychiatric illness only after the marriage. The arm of this study was to delineate the clinical and socio demography profile of the patient who have been deserted, divorced or separated judicially or my mutual consent.The socio-demographic profile, the age of on set of illness, the clinical profile, the duration, episodes of illness and the stated reason of desertion was noted. The burden of care scale was administered to the most significant caregiver as identified by consensus of the family. Most of the deserted females were schizophrenic, although manic episodes occurring after the marriage was also the cause. Mental retardation and severe OCD were also among the clinical profile. The caregiver had immense burden of care and their concern in respect of the life and future will be discussed later. Concealment of mental illness before marriage was the major cause of divorce or separation that has caused great burden on the care givers.

Keywords

Mental Illness, Socio-Demographic Profile, Family Burden, Deserted or Separated Female.

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Pradeep Kumar ¹, Dharmender Kumar Nehra ¹, Samrat Singh Bhandari ², Altaf Paul ³

Affiliations
1 State Institute of Mental Health PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, IN
3 Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia lslamia, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Suicide is among the top three causes of death among youth worldwide. Suicidal behavior is a due to a complex interaction of social, environment, biological and cultural factors. Suicide in the Indian context calls for an appreciation of the literary, religious, and cultural ethos of the subcontinent because tradition has rarely permeated the lives of people for as long as it has in India. Suicide is an important, largely preventable public health problem. There is a growing recognition that prevention strategies need to be tailored to the region-specific demographics of a country and to be implemented in a culturally-sensitive manner. The motives and modes of suicide are also distinct from western countries. Preventive strategies implemented at a community level and identifying vulnerable individuals maybe more effective than global strategies.

Keywords

Suicide, Prevention, Culture.

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